1. Grey Cast Iron

(a) Cupola

(b) Air furnace (or Reverberatory Furnace)

(c) Rotary furnace

(d) Electric arc furnace

2. Steel

(a) Electric furnaces

(b) Open hearth furnace

3. Non-ferrous Metals

(a) Reverberatory furnaces (fuel fired) (Al, Cu)

v  Stationary

v  Tilting

(b) Rotary furnaces

v  Fuel fired

v  Electrically heated

(c) Induction furnaces (Cu, Al)

v  Low frequency

v  High frequency.

(d) Electric Arc furnaces (Cu)

(e) Crucible furnaces (AI, Cu)

v  Pit type

v  Tilting type

v  Non-tilting or bale-out type

v  Electric resistance type (Cu)

(f) Pot furnaces (fuel fired) (Mg and AI)

v  Stationary

v  Tilting